This presentation describes the mechanistic modeling and control of the manufacturing of viral, virus-like particle, subunit protein, and mRNA vaccines. After an overview of the progress for all of these vaccine types, the use of perfusion or continuous culture to increase productivity is discussed. Then a detailed description is provided on mechanistic models, sensor development, and control for continuous viral vaccine manufacturing in suspension culture. Results demonstrate smooth quasi-steady continuous operation over an extended period of time and good agreement between a mechanistic model and data for experiments carried out at a local contract manufacturing organization.